closes #1057 and #1179

* only try to cover compile directories that actually exist
* recover from failures where source files don't contain required
  attributes for cover compilation and print warning

* modify compiler interface to work on either application objects or
  directories containing source files
* compile all sources in `src_dirs` to the application `ebin` dir and
  all sources in `extra_src_dirs` to a directory mirroring it's
  position in the app's `_build` directory. for example, `apps/foo/more`
  would compile to `_build/default/lib/foo/more`
  for `extra_src_dirs` in the root of a project with multiple
  applications (so orphan directories that don't "belong" to an
  application) compile to `_build/default/extras/more`
* copy directories specified in `extra_src_dirs` into the `_build`
  directory so tools like `ct` and `xref` that expect source to be
  in a particular location still work
* clean compiled artifacts from all `extra_src_dirs`
* alter `eunit`, `ct` and `cover` to work with the new directory
  structure
* billions of new tests

and replace with `cover_opts`

to the appropriate `_build` dir

`rebar.config` or via the `-c\--cover` flag given to the appropriate
task) from the `eunit` and `ct` tasks and add a `cover` task to
write coverage analysis to disk